From Garden City to 15-Minute City: A Historical Perspective and Critical Assessment

The 15-minute city concept was introduced as a post-COVID strategy to support more sustainable recovery from the pandemic and develop complete, climate-sensitive, resilient neighborhoods. This review examines key neighborhood planning movements identify origins of concept. These include garden city, unit plan, modernist urbanism, post-modern eco-urbanism, which have emerged since late 19th century. results study show that has ten basic characteristics: proximity, density, diversity, mixed-use, modularity, adaptability, flexibility, human-scale design, connectivity, digitalization. been successful in advancing theoretical debates on urbanism. However, some criticisms past also apply city. Similar follows philosophy physical determinism, setting goals without specifying how or by what means they will be achieved. At this point, one can only speculate about future A detailed real-world applications is needed before thoroughly discuss its strengths weaknesses.